Garnet

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6.5–7.5; Color: Deep red to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to resinous; Crystal structure: Isometric/Cubic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 3.1–4.3

Formation & Geological History

Formed under high temperatures and pressures in metamorphic rocks like schist or gneiss, and also found in some igneous rocks. It is found in rocks from the Precambrian era to the present.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry. In industry, it is widely used as an abrasive for sandblasting and waterjet cutting due to its hardness.

Geological Facts

Garnet was used as a gemstone by the ancient Egyptians and Greeks. It is the birthstone for January. Some rare varieties, like certain types of Pyrope, can exhibit a color change in different lighting.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive 'soccer ball' (dodecahedral) crystal shape, high hardness, and lack of cleavage. Common in metamorphic belts worldwide, such as the Adirondack Mountains.

Identified on: 4/14/2026

Mode: Standard