Specular Hematite (Specularite)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs. Color: Steel gray to black with a metallic, glittery luster; leaves a cherry-red to reddish-brown streak. Crystal structure: Trigonal (hexagonal). Specific Gravity: 5.26.

Formation & Geological History

Formed through hydrothermal or metamorphic processes where iron-rich fluids precipitate or transform minerals. Often found in banded iron formations (BIFs) dating back 1.8 to 2.4 billion years.

Uses & Applications

Primary ore of iron; also used as an abrasive, pigment, and in costume jewelry or as decorative 'sparkling' display specimens for collectors.

Geological Facts

Specularite consists of thousands of tiny, mirror-like mica-looking flakes of hematite. Despite its brilliant metallic silver color, it will always leave a rust-red streak on a porcelain plate, identifying it as iron oxide.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its distinct 'glitter' effect (schiller), high density/weight for its size, and the characteristic red streak. Commonly found in Michigan (USA), Brazil, and South Africa.

Identified on: 4/13/2026

Mode: Standard