Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Grey, tan, yellow, or reddish-brown; Luster: Dull or earthy; Structure: Granular, clastic texture; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized grains, typically quartz or feldspar, over millions of years in river beds, deserts, or marine environments. Most common in Paleozoic to Cenozoic strata.

Uses & Applications

Used widely in construction as a building stone (brownstone), in the manufacturing of glass, for making grindstones, and in paving and landscaping.

Geological Facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Red Rocks' of the American Southwest are primarily ancient sandstone formations.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often shows bedding planes or layers. It is ubiquitous in sedimentary basins worldwide.

Identified on: 4/23/2026

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