metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lazurite-rich metamorphic rock (approx. (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)
Deep blue color with gold pyrite flecks and white calcite veins; Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs); Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (for lazurite); Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Deep blue color with gold pyrite flecks and white calcite veins; Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs); Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (for lazurite); Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed via contact metamorphism where limestone or dolomite is altered by hydrothermal processes. Major deposits date back millions of years, found primarily in Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, and historically as a pigment for ultramarine paint.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli has been mined for over 6,000 years, notably in the Sar-i Sang mines of Afghanistan. It was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians for amulets and the funerary mask of Tutankhamun.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic 'Royal Blue' color, the presence of golden pyrite inclusions (distinguishing it from sodalite), and a white streak. It is often found in mountainous regions near granite intrusions.
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