mineral

Turquoise in Matrix

CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O (Hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium)

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Sky blue to apple green, Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline), Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9.

Identified April 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Sky blue to apple green, Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous, Crystal structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline), Specific gravity: 2.6-2.9.

Formation & geological history

A secondary mineral formed by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals. It is typically found in arid regions, often within volcanic rock host matrices.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and historical talismans. Lower grades are used in bead making or crushed for inlay work.

Geological facts

The name comes from the French 'turquois' meaning 'Turkish', as it was first brought to Europe through Turkey. It is one of the oldest gemstones ever mined, with evidence of mining in the Sinai Peninsula dating back to 3000 BCE.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its unique sky-blue to teal color and waxy luster. In the field, look for 'veins' or 'nuggets' within limonite or sandstone host rocks. It is opaque, which distinguishes it from minerals like chrysocolla.

Other mineral specimens

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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

Green Apatite on Albite

Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]

mineral

Epidote

Epidote - Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)3(SiO4)3(OH)

mineral