mineral

Amethyst

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Ranges from light lavender to deep violet; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Ranges from light lavender to deep violet
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified January 22, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in primary cavities (geodes) of igneous rocks or in hydrothermal veins through crystallization from silica-rich fluids. The purple color is caused by trace amounts of iron and natural irradiation over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a semi-precious gemstone in jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings), as well as for decorative carvings, mineral specimens for collectors, and in alternative therapy practices.

Geological facts

Historically, ancient Greeks believed amethyst could prevent intoxication, leading to its name which comes from the Greek word 'amethystos' (not intoxicated). It is the birthstone for February and was once considered as valuable as diamonds until large deposits were found in Brazil.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive violet color, hexagonal crystal shape, and lack of cleavage. Common locations include Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and Russia. Collectors should look for saturated color with minimal inclusions and 'color zoning' where the purple is unevenly distributed.