metamorphic
White Marble
Recrystallized Calcite (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: White to off-white; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal/hexagonal (recrystallized grains); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral (in individual grains); Specific gravity: 2.7
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale
- Color
- White to off-white
- Luster
- Vitreous to pearly
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: White to off-white; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal/hexagonal (recrystallized grains); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral (in individual grains); Specific gravity: 2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional or contact metamorphism of limestone or dolostone. High heat and pressure cause the original carbonate mineral grains to recrystallize into a dense interlocking mosaic of calcite crystals. Found in mountain-building regions globally.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction (countertops, Flooring), sculpture, architecture, and interior design. Fine-grained white versions are often crushed to create whiting or calcium carbonate powder for paper and paint industry uses.
Geological facts
Famous structures made of white marble include the Taj Mahal and the Parthenon. Pure white marble is formed from very pure limestone; colors and swirling patterns usually result from mineral impurities like clay, silt, or iron oxides.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its sugary (granular) texture and its reaction to diluted hydrochloric acid (it will fizz). It is softer than quartz and can be scratched with a copper penny or steel knife. Common in regions like Carrara, Italy, or Vermont, USA.
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