mineral

Azurite

Azurite - Copper Carbonate Hydroxide [Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2]

Hardness: 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale; Color: Deep blue to violet-blue; Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Fair in one direction; Specific Gravity: 3.7 to 3.9.

Hardness: 3
Color: Deep blue to violet-blue
Luster: Vitreous to sub-adamantine

Identified March 31, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Azurite is a secondary mineral formed through the weathering and oxidation of primary copper ores (like chalcopyrite) in oxygen-rich environments. It is often found in the oxidized zones of copper deposits, frequently associated with malachite.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as a minor ore of copper, as a vibrant pigment in paints from antiquity, in jewelry as cabochons (though soft), and highly prized by mineral collectors for its intense color.

Geological facts

In medieval and Renaissance Europe, azurite was a major source of blue pigment known as 'Azure Blue'. Over time, if exposed to moisture, azurite pigment can weather into green malachite, which explains why some historic blue skies in paintings have turned green.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive deep 'azure' blue color and its tendency to occur with green malachite. It will react and effervesce with dilute hydrochloric acid. Commonly found in Arizona (USA), Morocco, Namibia, and France.

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