metamorphic
Quartzite
Quartzite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically white to gray, but can be pink or reddish; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.6-2.7.
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically white to gray, but can be pink or reddish
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically white to gray, but can be pink or reddish; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.6-2.7.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of quartz sandstone under high heat and pressure. It originates from various geological eras, including the Precambrian remains of ancient beach or desert sands.
Uses & applications
Used as crushed stone for road construction and railway ballast; decorative stone in architecture, countertops, and floor tiles; high-purity varieties are used to produce silica sand for glassmaking.
Geological facts
Quartzite is so tough that it often outlasts the rock surrounding it, forming prominent ridges and peaks. It is often confused with marble, but can be distinguished by its superior hardness.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its ability to scratch glass and its granular, sugary texture. Common in mountain ranges and eroded riverbeds. Collectors look for unique colors or translucent qualities.
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