metamorphic
White Marble (Industrial/Architectural)
Recrystallized Calcite (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Pure white to off-white; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (rhombohedral); Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.7.
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pure white to off-white
- Luster
- Vitreous to pearly
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Pure white to off-white; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (rhombohedral); Specific Gravity: 2.5–2.7.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional or contact metamorphism of sedimentary limestone or dolostone. High temperature and pressure cause the original carbonate grains to recrystallize into a dense interlocking mosaic of calcite crystals. Found in mountain-building regions globally.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for flooring tiles, countertops, and wall cladding. Also used in sculpture, as an industrial filler in paints and paper, and as a soil conditioner (agricultural lime).
Geological facts
Pure white marble is the result of metamorphism of very pure (silica-poor) limestone. It has been the preferred medium for major sculptors since classical times because of its relative softness, isotropy, and resistance to shattering.
Field identification & locations
In the field, it is identified by its white color, grainy crystalline texture (resembling sugar), and a vigorous effervescent reaction when exposed to dilute hydrochloric acid. It is softer than granite and can be scratched with a steel knife.
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