Anthracite Coal

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black or dark grey with a sub-metallic luster; Texture: Fine-grained and dense; Fracture: Conchoidal; Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8.

Formation & Geological History

Formed through the regional metamorphism of bituminous coal under intense heat and pressure over millions of years, typically during mountain-building events (orogenies) in the Carboniferous period.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily for domestic and industrial heating, as a high-carbon additive in steelmaking, and occasionally for carving decorative ornaments and jewelry (jet).

Geological Facts

Anthracite has the highest carbon content (86-97%) and the fewest impurities of all types of coal. It burns with a short, blue, smokeless flame.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its 'shiny' or metallic black appearance, relative hardness (non-sooty compared to bituminous coal), and lightweight feel. Commonly found in folded mountain belts like the Appalachians.

Identified on: 4/18/2026

Mode: Standard