mineral

Carnelian Agate/Jasper blend

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety of Chalcedony

Hardness: 6.5–7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to orange; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58–2.64.

Hardness: 6
Color: Reddish-brown to orange
Luster: Waxy to vitreous

Identified March 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica from groundwater into cavities in igneous rocks (usually volcanic) or sedimentary formations. The reddish tint is caused by iron oxide (hematite) impurities. These specimens can range in age from millions to hundreds of millions of years old.

Uses & applications

Commonly used in lapidary work for making cabochons, beads, and carvings. It is also used in the jewelry industry as a semi-precious gemstone and by crystal collectors for its aesthetic and alleged metaphysical properties.

Geological facts

Carnelian was highly prized in ancient times; it was used by the Romans to make seal rings and by ancient Egyptians as a symbol of life. It is often heat-treated to enhance its red color.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct waxy luster, conchoidal (shell-like) fracture, and translucent to opaque orange-red banding. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Madagascar, and the United States (specifically the Pacific Northwest). Look for smooth, water-worn nodules in riverbeds or gravel pits.

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