mineral

Citrine

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow to golden orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Yellow to golden orange
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified April 12, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow to golden orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks, particularly in pegmatites. Most natural citrine forms over millions of years by geothermic heat acting on amethyst or smoky quartz.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry, decorative carvings, and as a popular specimen for crystal collectors.

Geological facts

Naturally occurring citrine is quite rare; most 'citrine' in the market is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz, which takes on a golden hue when baked at high temperatures.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct yellow color, lack of cleavage, and ability to scratch glass. Found commonly in Brazil, Madagascar, and the Ural Mountains of Russia.