mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (as shown) but can be various hues, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral (perfect in 4 directions), Specific Gravity: 3.51

Identified April 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed under extreme high pressure and temperature conditions deep in Earth's mantle, approximately 100 miles below the surface. They are brought to the surface via volcanic eruptions in kimberlite and lamproite pipes.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used in jewelry as gemstones. Industrial uses include cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing tools due to its extreme hardness as an abrasive.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural material. Most natural diamonds are between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years old. The name comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning invincible.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its extreme hardness (cannot be scratched by any other material) and its specific luster. Commonly found in secondary alluvial deposits or primary kimberlite pipes. Use a thermal conductivity probe (diamond tester) for verification.