mineral

Peridot

Olivine (Magnesium Iron Silicate - (Mg, Fe)2SiO4)

Hardness: 6.5–7 on Mohs scale; Color: Lime, yellowish-green to olive green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 3.27–3.37

Hardness: 6
Color: Lime, yellowish-green to olive green
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5–7 on Mohs scale; Color: Lime, yellowish-green to olive green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Cleavage: Poor; Specific gravity: 3.27–3.37

Formation & geological history

Formed deep within the Earth's mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity in igneous rocks like basalt. Some specimens have been found in pallasite meteorites, making them over 4.5 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings). It is the birthstone for August. Lower quality olivine is used as a flux in steel production and as sandblasting media.

Geological facts

Known as the 'Evening Emerald' because it glows green under artificial light. It is one of the few gemstones that occurs in only one color. It has even been discovered in comet dust brought back by the Stardust robotic spacecraft.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive oily luster and 'lily pad' inclusions under a loupe. Commonly found in Arizona (USA), Pakistan, Myanmar, and Egypt. In the field, look for green crystals within dark basaltic rocks.

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mineral

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