![Lapis Lazuli (Na8[Al6Si6O24]S2 (Lazurite component), a rock composed primarily of Lazurite, Calcite, and Pyrite) — metamorphic](https://media.rockidentification.com/ee3e3ca5-7ea8-446e-afef-fcc2f72a7d20-compressed.jpg)
metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Na8[Al6Si6O24]S2 (Lazurite component), a rock composed primarily of Lazurite, Calcite, and Pyrite
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep celestial blue to violet-blue; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Isometric (for lazurite crystals); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Color
- Deep celestial blue to violet-blue
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep celestial blue to violet-blue; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Isometric (for lazurite crystals); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through the contact metamorphism of limestone or marble by granitic or alkaline intrusions. Most high-quality deposits date back millions of years, notably the Sar-e-Sang mines which have been active for over 6,000 years.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry, lapidary arts, and sculpture. Historically ground into powder to create ultramarine pigment for Renaissance paintings and cosmetics.
Geological facts
Lapis Lazuli was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians, who used it for the funeral mask of Tutankhamun. It is technically a rock, not a mineral, because it is composed of multiple minerals (Lazurite, Sodalite, Calcite, and Pyrite).
Field identification & locations
Identify by its intense blue color, often featuring gold-colored flecks of pyrite and white veins of calcite. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada. In the field, look for 'denim' blue coloring in metamorphic marble host rocks.
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