mineral

Rough Emerald Crystals

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Hardness: 7.5 to 8 on Mohs scale; Color: Green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Specific gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified May 22, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5 to 8 on Mohs scale; Color: Green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Specific gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Formation & geological history

Emeralds form in pegmatites or hydrothermal veins where beryllium is present and interacts with chromium or vanadium in metamorphic environments. Notable formations occur in schist or limestone.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in high-end jewelry. Non-gem grade beryl is used as an ore for beryllium metal used in aerospace and electronics.

Geological facts

Emeralds are one of the 'Big Three' colored gemstones. Flawless emeralds are extremely rare, and most contain inclusions known as 'jardin' (French for garden).

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinct hexagonal prism shapes and characteristic green hue that does not change under varied light. Common locations include Colombia, Brazil, and Zambia.

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