Amber

Physical Properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 Mohs scale; Color: Honey-yellow to orange-brown; Luster: Resinous; Crystal structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 1.05-1.10 (very light)

Formation & Geological History

Fossilized tree resin from ancient coniferous forests, primarily dating from the Eocene epoch (approx. 34-56 million years ago), though some specimens can be older. It forms when resin is buried in sediment under pressure and heat.

Uses & Applications

Extensively used in jewelry (beads, pendants), decorative ornamental carvings, and as a source of succinic acid. High-quality specimens with inclusions are used for paleontological research.

Geological Facts

Amber is not a true mineral because it is organic and lacks a crystal structure. It is famous for preserving delicate organic matter, such as insects and plant parts, in perfect detail for millions of years.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its light weight (it often floats in saltwater) and resinous luster. It can be tested by rubbing with a cloth to produce static electricity. Found commonly in Baltic Sea regions (Baltic Amber).

Identified on: 4/28/2026

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