mineral

Emerald in Host Rock

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) containing Chromium and/or Vanadium

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Intense green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Intense green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous (glass-like)

Identified March 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Intense green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium or vanadium-bearing rocks. Most emerald deposits range from the Cretaceous to the Tertiary period (roughly 60-140 million years old).

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a high-value gemstone in jewelry. Lower quality specimens are highly sought after by mineral collectors for their educational and aesthetic value.

Geological facts

Emeralds are one of the 'Big Three' colored gemstones. Unlike many other gemstones, inclusions (often called 'jardin' or gardens) are expected and can actually prove the stone's natural origin.

Field identification & locations

Field identification is based on its hexagonal crystal habit, distinct green color, and high hardness (it will scratch glass). Commonly found in Colombia, Brazil, Ethiopia, and Zambia. In the field, look for green crystals embedded in white calcite or black shale matrix.

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