mineral

Natural Pearl (appearing in a jewelry setting)

Calcium Carbonate (mostly Aragonite), CaCO3 with Conchiolin

Hardness: 2.5-4.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Creamy white to pinkish-tan, Luster: Pearly (orient), Structure: Amorphous/Organic, Specific Gravity: 2.60-2.85

Hardness: 2

Identified February 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5-4.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Creamy white to pinkish-tan, Luster: Pearly (orient), Structure: Amorphous/Organic, Specific Gravity: 2.60-2.85

Formation & geological history

Formed within the soft tissue of a living shelled mollusk as a defense mechanism against irritants; found in marine or freshwater environments globally.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in fine jewelry such as necklaces, earrings, and pendants; also used in cosmetics and traditional medicine when ground into powder.

Geological facts

Pearls are the only gemstones made by living creatures. The 'La Peregrina' is one of the most famous pearls in history, once owned by Mary I of England and Elizabeth Taylor.

Field identification & locations

Identify by the 'tooth test' (feels gritty against teeth) and the presence of a natural pearly luster. Found in pearl oysters or freshwater mussels.

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