mineral

Amethyst

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Purple, violet, or lavender
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified March 19, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or inside igneous gas cavities (geodes) when silicate-rich fluids crystallize. Its purple color is produced by gamma irradiation of trace iron minerals within the quartz lattice.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry, ornamental carvings, and widely collected as a metaphysical or decorative mineral specimen. Historically used as a protective amulet.

Geological facts

The name comes from the Ancient Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to prevent drunkenness. Ancient civilizations like the Egyptians and Romans prized it as a royal gem.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct purple hue, six-sided crystal points, and inability to be scratched by a steel knife. Common locations include Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea.

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