metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to grey-green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Dark green to grey-green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to grey-green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or ultrabasic rocks. It is a variety of the calcium and magnesium-rich amphibole mineral actinolite.
Uses & applications
Extensively used for jewelry, ornamental carvings, sculpture, and historically for axe heads and tools due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is actually tougher than diamond in terms of resistance to fracturing because of its interlocking fibrous structure. It has been used by humans for over 5000 years.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its waxy luster when polished and its cool feel. It is commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand (Pounamu), and Siberia. Field identification involves a scratch test and density check.
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