mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black with a metallic luster; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None, but exhibits a subconchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black with a metallic luster

Identified May 3, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Steel-gray to black with a metallic luster; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None, but exhibits a subconchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 5.26.

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins, as a magmatic accessory mineral, or as a product of weathering in sedimentary environments often linked to Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back billions of years.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron and steel production. Also used as a pigment (ochre), in jewelry as faceted stones or beads, and as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

Hematite is the reason Mars is red; the dust on the Martian surface is composed of it. In ancient times, it was called 'bloodstone' because it produces a deep red streak when scratched against stone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its characteristic cherry-red streak when rubbed on a streak plate. It is much heavier than it looks. Common locations include Brazil, Australia, Lake Superior (USA), and China.