sedimentary
Sandstone
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (composed mostly of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual quartz grains); Color: Tan, beige, or brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None (breaks across grains); Specific gravity: 2.0-2.6
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual quartz grains)
- Color
- Tan, beige, or brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual quartz grains); Color: Tan, beige, or brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None (breaks across grains); Specific gravity: 2.0-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments over millions of years. This usually occurs in desert, river, or ocean environments through a process called lithification.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for flagstone, paving, and building materials. In industry, it is a source of silica for glass manufacturing and a common reservoir for ground water and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock and accounts for about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Red Rocks' in Colorado are composed of iron-rich sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and canyons. For collectors, look for unique patterns like ripple marks or cross-bedding indicating ancient water flow.
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