mineral / metamorphic
Quartz / Quartzite
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Milky white to translucent (sometimes stained tan/orange by iron); Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65.
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Milky white to translucent (sometimes stained tan/orange by iron); Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the crystallization of silica-rich magma or precipitation from hydrothermal veins. In metamorphic form (quartzite), it results from the metamorphism of quartz-rich sandstone under heat and pressure.
Uses & applications
Used in glass manufacturing, electronics (piezoelectric properties), abrasives, construction aggregate, and as semi-precious gemstones/jewelry.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It is highly resistant to chemical and physical weathering, which is why it often remains as large nodules in gravel or soil.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its hardness (will scratch glass and steel), lack of cleavage, and glassy appearance. Commonly found in riverbeds, mountains, and as veins in igneous rock.
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