mineral

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide Cu2CO3(OH)2

Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: bright green with light/dark banding; Luster: Silky to dull; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Hardness: 3
Color: bright green with light/dark banding
Luster: Silky to dull

Identified April 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: bright green with light/dark banding; Luster: Silky to dull; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of copper ore deposits where carbonated waters interact with copper-bearing rocks.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as decorative stone, gemstones/jewelry, and historically as a green pigment and minor copper ore.

Geological facts

Malachite was used by ancient Egyptians as an eye shadow and for wall paintings; it is known for its distinct 'bulls-eye' banding patterns.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct green color, visible banding, and effervescence (bubbling) when in contact with dilute hydrochloric acid. Often found with Azurite.

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Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

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Metamorphic Rock

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