metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to olive green with occasional black speckling; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous structure); Cleavage: None (highly tough fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Dark green to olive green with occasional black speckling
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark green to olive green with occasional black speckling; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous structure); Cleavage: None (highly tough fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (serpentinite) and metasomatic processes involving silica-rich fluids. Found in mountain ranges where tectonic plates collide.
Uses & applications
Used historically for tools and weapons due to its toughness; currently used for fine carvings, jewelry (pendants, bangles), and decorative ornamental objects.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than steel because of its interlocking felt-like fibrous structure. It was often referred to as 'ax stone' in prehistoric times. In Chinese culture, it is highly revered as the 'Stone of Heaven'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster when polished, high density, and extreme toughness (resistance to breaking). Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Alaska, and Russia. A key field test involves its inability to be scratched by a common steel knife.
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