metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Sage green to deep forest green (due to iron/magnesium content); Luster: Greasy to waxy; Structure: Interlocking microcrystalline fibers (felted texture); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Luster
- Greasy to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Sage green to deep forest green (due to iron/magnesium content); Luster: Greasy to waxy; Structure: Interlocking microcrystalline fibers (felted texture); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed via regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolostones) or serpentinites. The interlocking fibrous structure provides extreme toughness. It is found in deposits ranging from Precambrian to more recent tectonic mountain-building events.
Uses & applications
Used extensively for ornamental carvings, high-end jewelry (cabochons and beads), and historically for axe heads and weapons due to its exceptional toughness/fracture resistance.
Geological facts
Known as the 'Stone of Heaven' in Chinese culture, it was more valued than gold for millennia. It is actually tougher than diamond (which is harder but more brittle) because of its felted crystal structure which prevents cracking.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its soapy/waxy feel, extreme weight comparative to limestone, and its inability to be scratched by a common steel knife (though it can be scratched by quartz). Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming.
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