mineral

Amethyst

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) containing traces of iron and manganese

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: light pinkish-violet to deep purple, Luster: Vitreous/glassy, Crystal structure: Trigonal (Hexagonal), Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture, Specific gravity: 2.65

Identified January 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: light pinkish-violet to deep purple, Luster: Vitreous/glassy, Crystal structure: Trigonal (Hexagonal), Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture, Specific gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in cavities (geodes) of igneous rocks through hydrothermal deposition of silica-rich fluids. Color is caused by irradiation of trivalent iron (Fe3+) impurities. Formation can occur across various geological ages from the Cretaceous to more recent periods.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry (beads, rings, necklaces) and as a decorative mineral specimen for collectors. It is the birthstone for February and widely used in the metaphysical and wellness industries.

Geological facts

Amethyst was considered a 'Precious Stone' alongside Diamond, Ruby, Sapphire, and Emerald until large deposits were discovered in Brazil in the 19th century. The name comes from the Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', due to an ancient belief that it protected its wearer from drunkenness.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct purple color, 6-sided prismatic crystals ending in a pyramid, and lack of cleavage. Often found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea. For collectors, deeper purple color with reddish flashes ('Siberian' quality) is the most valued.

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