mineral

Citrine

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Yellow to golden orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale
Color: Yellow to golden orange
Luster: Vitreous

Identified May 11, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Yellow to golden orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous or metamorphic environments when amethyst or smoky quartz is subjected to high temperatures naturally, or through cooling hydrothermal fluids in pegmatites.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry, decorative carvings, and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is quite rare; most commercial citrine is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz. It is often called the 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its vitreous luster and quartz-like fractures. It lacks the pleochroism of yellow topaz. Found commonly in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.