mineral

Rhodochrosite

Manganese Carbonate (MnCO3)

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 on Mohs scale. Color: Rose-pink to raspberry red (in this image, a pale crystalline pink). Luster: Vitreous to pearly. Crystal structure: Trigonal/Rhombohedral. Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral. Specific gravity: 3.5 to 3.7.

Hardness: 3
Luster: Vitreous to pearly

Identified January 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Primary mineral in hydrothermal veins or secondary mineral in sedimentary deposits. Often found in association with silver, lead, and copper sulfides. Forms in hydrothermal vents at moderate to low temperatures or through the alteration of other manganese minerals.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as an ornamental stone and gemstone. Higher-grade specimens are highly sought after by collectors. Historically used as a minor ore of manganese, which is essential in steel production, though it is rarely the primary source today.

Geological facts

Rhodochrosite is the national gemstone of Argentina and the state mineral of Colorado. The most famous locality, the Sweet Home Mine in Colorado, produced the 'Alma King,' one of the largest and most valuable rhodochrosite crystals ever found. It is often called 'Inca Rose' by locals in South America.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct pink color, rhombohedral cleavage, and strong effervescence in warm dilute hydrochloric acid. It is commonly found in N'Chwaning Mines (South Africa), Alma (Colorado), and various mines in Argentina and Peru. Collectors should look for its association with dark manganese oxides or quartz matrix.