mineral

Carnelian Agate

Chalcedony (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Translucent orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Translucent orange to reddish-brown
Luster: Waxy to vitreous

Identified March 9, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica-rich groundwater in the cavities or vesicles of volcanic rocks. The orange hue is caused by the presence of hematite or iron oxide impurities during formation. Often found in Cenozoic era volcanic regions.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (beads, cabochons), carvings, and ornamental lapidary work. Highly valued in 'healing crystal' communities and for lapidary tumbling.

Geological facts

In antiquity, carnelian was used by Romans to create signet rings for sealing wax because the wax does not stick to the stone. Ancient Egyptians called it 'The Setting Sun' and associated it with the goddess Isis.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its waxy luster, translucency, and lack of visible crystalline texture. Commonly found in riverbeds or beaches in regions like Brazil, India, and Madagascar. Collectors look for uniform color and high translucency.

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