Lapis Lazuli

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs); Color: Deep blue with white (calcite) and gold (pyrite) inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (lazurite component); Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9

Formation & Geological History

Formed through contact metamorphism of limestone or marble by hydrothermal processes. Ancient deposits in Afghanistan date back over 6,000 years.

Uses & Applications

Used primarily in jewelry, ornamental carvings, pigment (ultramarine), and as a collector's gemstone.

Geological Facts

Lapis lazuli was ground into powder to create the most expensive pigment of the Renaissance, Ultramarine, used by artists like Michelangelo and Vermeer.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its characteristic 'royal blue' color with brassy yellow specks of pyrite. Commonly found in Afghanistan (Sar-i Sang), Russia, Chile, and California.

Identified on: 4/23/2026

Mode: Standard