mineral

Aquamarine

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18)

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs); Color: Pale blue to light green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.66-2.80

Hardness: 7
Color: Pale blue to light green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified June 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs); Color: Pale blue to light green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.66-2.80

Formation & geological history

Forms in regional metamorphic rocks and igneous pegmatites. The blue color is caused by trace amounts of ferrous iron (Fe2+). Usually found in pockets within granite pegmatites.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry. Industrial uses include as a source of beryllium for specialized metal alloys in aerospace and defense.

Geological facts

The largest gem-quality aquamarine ever mined was found in Brazil in 1910 and weighed 243 lbs. It is the birthstone for March. Most sky-blue aquamarine on the market is heat-treated to remove green tones.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hexagonal prismatic shape (if uncut), high hardness, and distinct glassy luster. Commonly found in Brazil, Pakistan, and Madagascar. Collectors look for clarity and saturation of color.