mineral

Red Hematite (Iron Ore)

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to earthy red (in this earthy form); Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Reddish-brown to earthy red (in this earthy form)
Luster: Dull to earthy

Identified February 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to earthy red (in this earthy form); Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26.

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily in sedimentary environments through the precipitation of iron from water. It often occurs in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) dating back over 2 billion years (Precambrian), but also forms as a weathering product of other iron minerals.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron and steel; used as a pigment (ochre) for paints and cosmetics; polishing compound (jeweler's rouge); and occasionally as a gemstone when metallic (specularite).

Geological facts

Hematite is the reason Mars is known as the 'Red Planet'—its surface is covered in hematite dust. Historically, it was used as red chalk for prehistoric cave paintings.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its characteristic red-streak test (rubbing it on unglazed porcelain leaves a rust-red mark). Found globally in places like the Lake Superior region (USA), Brazil, and Australia. Collectors should look for its high density relative to its size.