mineral

Diamond

Diamond (Pure Carbon, C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (to yellow/brown/blue/pink in fancies), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic (Isometric), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.51

Identified May 17, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed at high pressure and high temperature at depths of 140 to 190 kilometers in the Earth's mantle over periods of 1 to 3.3 billion years. Brought to the surface by deep-origin volcanic eruptions called kimberlites.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in fine jewelry (engagement rings, necklaces); industrial applications include cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to extreme hardness; used in high-tech optics and heat sinks.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance on Earth. Its name comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning unbreakable. Most natural diamonds are billions of years old.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its extreme hardness (cannot be scratched by any other mineral), adamantine luster, and specific crystal habits (octahedrons). Found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits.