mineral

Red Jasper (possibly Carnelian)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite impurities

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep brownish-red with swirling banding; Luster: Vitreous to waxy (when polished); Crystal structure: Hexagonal (Trigonal), microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.58–2.91

Hardness: 6
Color: Deep brownish-red with swirling banding
Luster: Vitreous to waxy (when polished)

Identified March 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal environments or sedimentary basins where silica-rich fluids permeate porous rocks; the red color is caused by the inclusion of iron oxide (hematite) during crystallization.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, and widely sold as 'tumble stones' for crystal collecting and metaphysical practices.

Geological facts

Jasper was a favorite gem in the ancient world, referenced in many historical texts and used for cylinder seals in Mesopotamia. The name comes from the Greek 'iaspis', meaning 'spotted stone'.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its opacity (unlike clear quartz), smooth conchoidal fracture, and inability to be scratched by a steel knife. It is commonly found in riverbeds and desert regions globally, especially in India, Brazil, and the USA (Southwest).

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