Nephrite Jade

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs; Color: Spinach green to deep olive green; Luster: Greasy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03; Cleavage: None (it is extremely tough due to interlocking fibers).

Formation & Geological History

Formed via regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or through the hydrothermal alteration of ultrabasic rocks. It is most often found in metamorphic belts where tectonic plates collide.

Uses & Applications

Predominantly used for jewelry (cabochons, beads), ornamental carvings, statues, and historical tools due to its extreme toughness.

Geological Facts

Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as Jade (the other being Jadeite). It was used in Neolithic times for axe heads because it is the toughest natural stone, even more resistant to fracturing than diamond.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its characteristic greasy luster and extreme resistance to breaking. Often found as water-worn cobbles in riverbeds. Common locations include British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, China, and Russia.

Identified on: 4/13/2026

Mode: Standard