metamorphic
Serpentinite
Serpentinite (Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Zn, Mn)2-3(Si, Al, Fe)2O5(OH)4
Hardness: 2.5-4 (Mohs scale), Color: Greenish-grey to dark green, Luster: Waxy to greasy or silky, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic or Orthorhombic (as microcrystalline minerals like lizardite, antigorite, or chrysotile)
- Hardness
- 2
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5-4 (Mohs scale), Color: Greenish-grey to dark green, Luster: Waxy to greasy or silky, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic or Orthorhombic (as microcrystalline minerals like lizardite, antigorite, or chrysotile)
Formation & geological history
Formed at low temperatures and high pressures through the hydration of ultramafic rocks (like peridotite) in the Earth's mantle or subduction zones, a process called serpentinization.
Uses & applications
Historically used as a construction stone (verde antique) and for decorative carvings; some varieties (chrysotile) were used for asbestos; currently valued as a collector specimen and for lapidary work.
Geological facts
Serpentinite is the official state rock of California. It can contain small amounts of magnetite, making some specimens slightly magnetic.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic green 'snake-skin' appearance, waxy feel, and softness (usually can be scratched by a copper coin). Found frequently in mountain belts and mid-ocean ridges.
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