metamorphic
White Marble
Calcite-rich Metasomatized Carbonate (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: White to creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal (granular texture); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral (though often obscured in massive forms); Specific gravity: 2.7.
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale
- Color
- White to creamy white
- Luster
- Vitreous to pearly
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: White to creamy white; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal (granular texture); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral (though often obscured in massive forms); Specific gravity: 2.7.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional or contact metamorphism of sedimentary carbonate rocks, specifically limestone or dolostone. High heat and pressure cause recrystallization of the original carbonate mineral grains. It occurs in various geological ages during mountain-building events.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction as dimension stone, flooring, and wall cladding. Used in sculpture due to its relative softness and isotropism. Crushed marble is used in industry for acid neutralization and as a filler in paper and plastics.
Geological facts
Pure white marble, like the Carrara marble from Italy used by Michelangelo, results from the metamorphism of very pure limestone. The Taj Mahal is constructed almost entirely of white Makrana marble. It is susceptible to damage from acid rain because it is composed of calcium carbonate.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its sugary (saccharoidal) texture, 3.0 hardness (can be scratched by a copper coin but not a fingernail), and vigorous effervescence when exposed to cold dilute hydrochloric acid. Commonly found in mountainous regions like the Appalachians (USA), Alps (Italy), and Himalayas.
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