mineral

Carnelian Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Ferric Oxide inclusions

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Orange, red, brownish-red; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange, red, brownish-red
Luster: Waxy to vitreous

Identified March 28, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica from groundwater in the cavities of igneous rocks such as basalt or rhyolite. The reddish-orange color is derived from iron oxide impurities trapped during formation.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative lapidary arts, and as a semi-precious healing stone in holistic practices. Historically used for seal stones and signet rings.

Geological facts

Carnelian was highly prized by the Ancient Egyptians, who believed it had protective properties. It was one of the twelve stones in the Breastplate of Aaron and has been used in jewelry for over 4,500 years.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucency and waxy appearance. Unlike red jasper, carnelian is translucent when held to a light source. Commonly found in riverbeds or coastal areas in Brazil, India, and the Pacific Northwest of the USA.

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