metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6–6.5 (Mohs); Color: Mottled dark green, grey-green, and black; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6–6
- Color
- Mottled dark green, grey-green, and black
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6–6.5 (Mohs); Color: Mottled dark green, grey-green, and black; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous aggregates); Cleavage: None/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed via contact metamorphism or hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (serpentinites) or dolomitic limestones. It is characterized by an extremely tough, interlocking fibrous structure.
Uses & applications
Used primarily for carvings, jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative ornaments, and historically for durable tool-making due to its exceptional toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is actually tougher than Diamond because of its felted, interlocking grain structure, making it very resistant to fracturing. It was used in ancient China as 'the stone of heaven'.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its high density, 'greasy' feel when polished, and extreme toughness. Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming (USA).
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