mineral

Earthy Hematite (Iron Ore)

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5-6.5 (but earthy forms can be lower); Color: Reddish-brown to metallic grey; Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Fracture: Uneven; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5-6
Color: Reddish-brown to metallic grey
Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy

Identified June 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6.5 (but earthy forms can be lower); Color: Reddish-brown to metallic grey; Luster: Metallic to dull/earthy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Fracture: Uneven; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed in banded iron formations through precipitation in ancient oceans between 2.4 and 1.8 billion years ago. Can also form as a secondary mineral through oxidation of iron-rich sediments and weathering in soil.

Uses & applications

Primary source of iron for steel manufacturing. Also used as a pigment (ochre), in radiation shielding, and as a polishing abrasive (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

The name is derived from the Greek word for blood, 'haima,' because it turns red when powdered. Hematite is also the mineral responsible for the reddish tint of the planet Mars.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its characteristic brick-red streak when rubbed against a ceramic plate. It is noticeably heavy due to its high iron content. Commonly found in large deposits in the Great Lakes region of North America and Australia.