mineral

Diamond

C (Carbon)

Hardness: 10 Mohs; Color: Colorless to faint yellow; Luster: Adamantine; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: Perfect octahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.52

Hardness: 10 Mohs
Color: Colorless to faint yellow
Luster: Adamantine

Identified May 28, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 Mohs; Color: Colorless to faint yellow; Luster: Adamantine; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: Perfect octahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed at high pressure and heat in the Earth's mantle (150-250 km deep), then transported to the surface by kimberlite and lamproite volcanic eruptions. Most are 1 to 3.5 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in high-end jewelry (engagement rings) and in industry as abrasives, cutting tools, and drill bits due to its extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance on Earth. While they are famous for clear stones, they can occur in almost any color (fancy diamonds) based on trace elements.

Field identification & locations

Identify by testing thermal conductivity and hardness. Look for adamantine luster and high dispersion (fire). Common natural locations include Russia, Botswana, Canada, and South Africa.