mineral

Galena

Lead(II) sulfide (PbS)

Hardness: 2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Lead gray to silver; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: Perfect cubic in three directions; Specific Gravity: 7.4 to 7.6.

Hardness: 2
Color: Lead gray to silver
Luster: Metallic

Identified May 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Lead gray to silver; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: Perfect cubic in three directions; Specific Gravity: 7.4 to 7.6.

Formation & geological history

Forms in hydrothermal veins, contact metamorphic deposits, and as replacements in sedimentary rocks like limestone and dolostone. Formed throughout various geological ages in sulfide-rich environments.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of lead; used in battery production, ammunition, radiation shielding, and historically in pottery glazes and cosmetics. Collectors value it for its metallic cubic form.

Geological facts

Galena is the most important ore of lead and often contains significant amounts of silver as an impurity. It was one of the first minerals used by early radio enthusiasts to build crystal radio sets because of its semiconducting properties.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its high density (feels very heavy for its size), lead-gray streak, metallic luster, and perfect cubic cleavage. Found commonly in Missouri, USA, and various locations in Europe and Australia.