mineral

Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with impurities

Hardness: 6.5–7 on the Mohs scale; Color: Variable (brown, red, yellow, green depending on iron oxides); Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (cryptocrystalline quartz); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58–2.91

Hardness: 6
Luster: Vitreous to greasy

Identified March 28, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica from water-rich environments, often in volcanic ash or sedimentary deposits, during the hydrothermal process; found in geological formations ranging from Precambrian to more recent eras.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry as cabochons, beads, and carvings; historically used for tools and ornaments; occasionally used in interior decoration (tiles/cladding).

Geological facts

Jasper is an opaque variety of chalcedony. The name comes from the Greek 'iaspis', meaning 'spotted stone.' Many ancient cultures, including Egyptians and Babylonians, believed it held protective powers.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opacity (it does not transmit light even at thin edges) and waxy luster when polished. Common in riverbeds and desert environments globally, particularly in the western USA, Brazil, and India.