mineral

Yellow Quartz Pebble (Citrine or Iron-stained Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale yellow to honey-orange; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Hexagonal (Trigonal); Cleavage: None (Conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Pale yellow to honey-orange
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified March 26, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale yellow to honey-orange; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Hexagonal (Trigonal); Cleavage: None (Conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed through the crystallization of silica-rich hydrothermal fluids or within igneous pegmatites. This specific specimen is a water-worn river pebble, indicating it has undergone significant mechanical erosion in a fluvial environment over thousands of years.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as decorative gravel, in lapidary work for cabochons or tumbled stones, and as a component in glass manufacturing when found in high purity. Also significant in the 'healing crystal' market.

Geological facts

Natural yellow quartz (citrine) is rare; most commercial citrine is actually heat-treated amethyst. The yellow color in specimens like this is often due to iron inclusions or external staining from limonite/hematite in the soil or riverbed.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its inability to be scratched by a steel knife (H=7) and its smooth, rounded exterior. It is commonly found in riverbeds, glacial deposits, and sedimentary basins worldwide. For collectors, look for internal clarity and depth of color.

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