mineral

Amethyst

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide with Iron impurities)

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale lilac to deep purple; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Pale lilac to deep purple
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified February 14, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pale lilac to deep purple; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or as linings inside volcanic geodes. The purple color results from irradiation and the presence of trace amounts of iron and other transition metals. Most commercially available specimens are from the Cretaceous period in South America.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings), as decorative specimens for collectors, and in metaphysical practices as a 'healing crystal'.

Geological facts

Amethyst was once considered one of the 'Cardinal Gems' and was ranked in value alongside Ruby and Emerald until large deposits were discovered in Brazil in the 18th century. Its name comes from the Greek 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to protect the wearer from drunkenness.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct purple hue, inability to be scratched by steel, and lack of cleavage. Common locations include Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and Ontario, Canada. Collectors should look for deep, uniform color and high clarity.

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