mineral

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78

Hardness: 7
Color: Green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified February 17, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium-rich host rocks. Typical metamorphic or igneous environments during mountain-building events.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a precious gemstone in high-end jewelry. Rough specimens are highly sought after by mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Emeralds are often more included (garden-like fractures) than other gemstones, which actually helps prove their natural origin. The green color is specifically caused by trace amounts of chromium or vanadium.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its hexagonal prismatic crystal habit and characteristic rich green color. Commonly found in Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia. Collectors should look for intense color and transparency.

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