Turquoise in Matrix

Physical Properties

Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Sky blue to blue-green, Luster: Waxy to subvitreous, Crystal Structure: Triclinic (usually cryptocrystalline), Specific Gravity: 2.6–2.9

Formation & Geological History

Formed as a secondary mineral by the percolation of acidic aqueous solutions during the weathering and oxidation of pre-existing minerals; often found in arid climates within volcanic rocks or limestones.

Uses & Applications

Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry, ornamental carvings, and as a highly prized collector's mineral.

Geological Facts

Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones in human history; it was mined by the Ancient Egyptians in the Sinai Peninsula as early as 3000 BCE and is sacred to many Native American cultures in the Southwest US.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify in the field by its distinct robin's egg blue or greenish-blue color and waxy appearance, often accompanied by dark 'matrix' veins of host rock like limonite or chert. Common in Southwestern USA, Iran, and China.

Identified on: 4/19/2026

Mode: Standard